GC-MS and SPME-GC/MS Analysis and Bioactive Potential Evaluation of Essential Oils from Two Viola Species Belonging to the V. calcarata Complex

Viola calcarata L. and dubyana Burnat ex Gremli belong to the V. complex in section Melanium (Violaceae family). For first time, essential oils (EOS) obtained by hydrodistillation from dried flowers, were analyzed GC/MS SPME-GC/MS describe their volatile chemical profile. Differences qualitative quantitative composition between two violets have been found. A total of 43 compounds identified among which methyl salicylate was most abundant (from 45.5 68.0%) both vapor liquid phase. The performed bioactivity tests pointed out greater effect EO compared that calcarata. Nevertheless, EOs proved be good scavengers, especially toward ABTS⋅+ radical. They also showed a dose-dependent phytotoxic action against Sinapis alba Lolium multiflorum. Their seed germination inhibited up 100% 25%, respectively, response highest used dose (100 μL) each EO. Furthermore, significant decrease root shoot length observed. resulting seedling vigor index reduced 15–100% 8–82% for S. 11–91% 4–91% multiflorum EOS, respectively.